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12.4 Underground mining method •Vertical crater retreat (VCR) stoping-Applied to the cases where conventional shrink stopingis feasible although narrow orebodywidth (< 3 m) may not be tractable, or to the cases where sublevel development is difficult or impossible.-Use of long and subverticalblast holes eliminates the need for entry of
Vertical Crater Retreat. Blasthole mining is a general term applied to mining methods that employ long hole drilling for the production of ore. In most Blasthole methods the ore is blasted into a vertical opening. The blastholes may be small diameter long hole carbide drill holes or larger diameter holes drilled with in-the-hole (ITH) drills ...
Underground Mining Methods. Soft rock Mining Methods. Blast mining. Shortwall mining. Coal Skimming (or Sink and Fl oat) method. Hard rock Mining Methods. Stoping. 1) Room and pillar. 2) Bench and ...
The blasting test on the vertical crater retreat mining method and the blasting vibration were analyzed. It is estimated if the vibration damage possibly the surface buildings and related facilities of mine. Introduction. The initial design scheme of the Luohe iron mine was sub-level caving mining. In the collapse area, the requisition of lands ...
In Canada in 1975, mining company INCO developed a mining method based on Livingston's cratering theory. This method is called vertical crater retreat (VCR) or vertical retreat mining (VRM) method. VCR method has been an established mining method being practiced in various mines all over the world [8].
Underground Mining Methods and Applications FIGURE 1.3 Post room-and-pillar mining mined out Numbers indicate sequence of extraction FIGURE 1.4 Step-room mining of inclined orebody Deposits with large vertical heights are mined in slices. Mining starts at the top below the hanging wall. At this stage,
There are several methods for bulk underground mining, the most common being block caving, long hole open stoping, sublevel open stoping, sublevel caving and vertical-crater-retreat. 2.2.1 Block Caving Block caving is a large-scale production technique applicable to homogeneous ore bodies of large dimensions and most commonly steep to vertical ...
Vertical crater retreat mining in the Sudbury Basin. Min. Sci. Technol., 13: 131-143. Faced with rising costs and lower metal prices, several Ontario base metal sulphide mines have changed their method of mining to vertical crater retreat mining. This is a bulk mining method that utilizes large diameter holes and mines successive cuts remotely ...
Vertical Crater Retreat / VCR • Advantages – VCR is a bulk, high-capacity mining method with good recoveries; – It is an efficient stoping method that is very susceptible to mechanization and can have productivities in excess of 32 tonnes/employee-shift; – It offers good wall support during the stoping phase by using shrinkage ...
MINE 411 Underground Mining Methods & Equipment Course Instructor: Prof. Raymond S. Suglo Students: UMaT BSc. III 1 VERTICAL CRATER RETREAT (VCR) MINING METHOD The Vertical Crater Retreat (VCR) method is basically an open stoping method which resembles shrinkage stoping. It was developed in Canada. Area of Application The VCR method is used …
Vertcial crater retreat is a comparatively new method of blasthole mining in which only large diamter ITH holes are used to blast down horizontal slices of ore into an opening below the block of ore being mined. The method on the 'cratering' effect of an explosive charge being blasted close to the end of the hole.
Vertical crater retreat (VCR) mining is a method originally developed by the Canadian. mining company INCO. Today, VCR is an established mining method used by mines all over the world that. have competent, steeply dipping ore and host rock. VCR is based on the crater blasting technique in which powerful explosive charges are.
Underground mining experience relates to most major mining methods, e.g. room and pillar, retreat longwall, longhole stoping, vertical crater retreat, sublevel caving, cut and fill, post pillar ...
mining method is end-slicing, a variation of vertical crater retreat mining. comment (geology): volcaniclastic host rock is post-middle miocene in age and fills east-north east trending graben structure . comment (deposit): mining currently in progress ; info.src : 1 pub lit; 2 unpub rept
VRM is a contraction of 'Vertical Retreat Mining', however it is also known as 'Vertical Crater Retreat' or 'VCR' or sometimes simply called 'Inverted Crater Blasting'. In 1983, it was called 'an achievement of the last decade' and is practiced in mines in Canada, Australia, Europe, Central America, and the U.S.
VRM/ VCR: Vertical retreat mining (VRM) also known as Vertical crater retreat (VCR) is a method where mine is divided in vertical zones [clarification needed] with depth of about 50 meters using open stoping, bottom-up mining.
This presentation will compare various methods of developing these Slot Raises and introduce two new ones. The author begins with a short discussion on the mining method, and its variations, where Slot Raises are used. This mining method is called Vertical Crater Retreat or VCR which is a blasting method based on spherical charge technology.
The vertical crater retreat mining method is also known as VCR mining. This mining method precipitously dips strata for mineralization. This method blasts rocks with total and heavy charges with a large diameter of 165 mm. VCR's blasting creates a cone-shaped opening in the targeted rock mass to let the materials be mined quickly.
A few of the underground mining methods, such as, Avoca? and Vertical Crater Retreat (VCR?), have been patented resulting in new names for variations (Modified Avoca and Modified VCR). Moreover, different names are often applied to the same mining method (Blasthole Stoping and Longhole Open Stoping are frequently used to refer to the same ...
vertical crater retreat mine model The VCR mining method is used on vertical or steeply dipping ore bodies under similar conditions for sublevel stoping and shrinkage stoping. Down-the-hole drills are used for production, with small jumbos used for drift development.
In other countries, deep hole mining is widely used due to its high efficiency and safety . This approach, specifically the Vertical Crater Retreat (VCR) mining method, was introduced in China in the 1980s. After decades of development, the VCR method has become the epitome of efficient and safe mining.
Vertical retreat mining (VRM) is a selective mining method that is used to divide mines into vertical zones. It is also known as Vertical crater retreat (VCR). It divides the mines with a depth of about 50 meters. Open stopping, a bottom-up mining technique is used in this method. Block Caving. It is one of the bulk mining methods.
Vertical crater retreat mining Like sublevel stoping and shrinkage stoping, vertical crater retreat (VCR) mining is applicable to mineralization in steeply dipping strata. However, it uses a different blasting technique breaking the rock with heavy, concentrated charges placed in holes ("craters") with very large diameter (about 165 mm ...
8. VCR - V ertic al Cra ter R etr eat. V ert ical Crater Retreat (VCR) or V ertical Retreat Stoping: configuration method in stopes where drilling large …
Production volumes from underground mining operations of the Pilar Mine are expected to increase after the completion of a new 4.5m external shaft from surface. The Pilar UG Mine has previously employed the following mining methods: Sublevel Stoping, VRM and Vertical Crater Retreat ("VCR").
Vertical Crater Retreat is compared to other open stoping methods. Various geotechnical factors have been considered including the effects of stress concentration, jointing, dynamic stresses superimposed by blasting vibrations, amount of development required and shrinkage draw. All these factors favour a VCR method in a deep mining environment.
For limiting the damage range caused by explosive shock loads in vertical crater retreat (VCR) mining, the blasting damage characteristics of surrounding rock were studied by two methods: numerical simulation and ultrasonic testing. Combined with the mining blasting in Dongguashan Copper Mine of China, the VCR blasting shock characteristics under different …
By way of an example, using a ring pattern for sublevel cave mining with a toe spacing of 2.7 m (8.9 ft), with a 2.4 m (7.9 ft) burden between rings - with the longest hole in the ring having a length of 30.5 m (100 ft), and using the rectilinear figure, the volume would be 198 m 3. With this volume as common to the other figures, the radial ...